The Pacific Ocean, covering nearly a third of the Earth’s surface, is home to a vast expanse of islands that have shaped the cultural landscape of Oceania. These remote islands, scattered across the ocean, became the cradle for oceanic civilization, where people sailed, discovered, and settled, giving rise to rich traditions that continue to thrive today.
On April 29, the “Mana Moana – Arts of the Great Ocean, Oceania” exhibition opened at the National Museum of Korea, shedding light on the arts and philosophy of the Oceanian cultures. The exhibition is a collaborative effort between the National Museum of Korea and the Quai Branly Jacques Chirac Museum in France.
The title “Mana Moana” encapsulates the exhibition’s theme: “Mana,” a Polynesian term, refers to the divine energy believed to reside in all things, while “Moana” signifies the vast, unbounded ocean. This theme underscores the profound connection Oceanian cultures have with the sea and the spiritual strength it provides.
The exhibition features 179 artifacts dating from the 18th to the 20th centuries, including intricately crafted canoes, sculptures, musical instruments, and ornaments, as well as works by contemporary artists. Among the notable exhibits is the marupai—hunting charms or amulets created by skillfully carving coconuts and applying lime, believed to possess magical properties.
Navigating the Pacific: A Cultural Journey
The exhibition begins with a focus on the ancient maritime history of the Oceanian people. It highlights their extraordinary voyages across the Pacific, the discovery of islands, and the development of sophisticated navigation techniques. The artifacts illustrate the deep-rooted maritime culture of the Pacific Islanders, showcasing intricate knowledge of canoe construction and navigation developed over centuries.
One prominent feature is the dogai, a sculpture depicting the prow of a dug-out canoe, and the taurapa, a decorative piece for the canoe’s stern. These items reflect the advanced navigational skills and worldview of the Oceanian peoples.
Another key piece is the jade pendant hei tiki, which holds great cultural significance for the Maori people. Worn by women during pregnancy and childbirth, and by men heading to war, the hei tiki symbolizes the vitality and lineage of its wearer.
Traditional and Contemporary Arts on Display
The exhibition also highlights the artistic traditions of Oceania, focusing on jewelry and handicrafts. The Oceanian people’s use of natural materials—whale teeth, coconut fiber, and mother-of-pearl—creates works that are both visually striking and spiritually meaningful.
Among the contemporary pieces is an untitled acrylic painting by Emily Kam Kngwarrey, an influential figure in Australian Aboriginal art. Her work depicts traditional patterns once used in ritualistic body art, symbolizing the deep connection between the land and its people.
Other notable exhibits include tapa, cloth made from tree bark, a traditional Oceanian fabric used in ceremonies and daily life.
A Message for the Modern World
Oceanian art plays a crucial role in connecting people with nature and their cultural heritage. The traditional worldview embedded in these works of art emphasizes the sacredness of the ocean and the interconnectedness of all living things. In an era marked by environmental challenges, Oceanian art serves as a reminder of the importance of sustainability and respect for nature.
Moreover, the exhibition underscores the role of art in preserving and reviving cultural identities, offering valuable lessons in the importance of cultural diversity and mutual respect in today’s globalized world.
The “Mana Moana – Arts of the Great Ocean, Oceania” exhibition is open until September 14, offering a rare opportunity to explore the profound cultural heritage of the Pacific Islands.
